Identify and describe five important sustainability issues or problems faced by Qatar.

1) Water scarcity: Qatar relies heavily on desalination for its water supply due to limited renewable freshwater sources. Desalination requires large amounts of energy, which has created an unsustainable cycle of increased demand for electricity resulting in higher carbon emissions. Additionally, Qatar’s high evaporation rates have further exacerbated water shortages in the region. To address this issue, Qatar is investing heavily in innovative technologies that use reclaimed wastewater for agricultural production and other uses.

2) Energy insecurity: Due to rising demand for electricity from its rapidly growing population and businesses, Qatar’s energy sector faces significant challenges including increasing reliance on imported oil and gas to meet domestic needs as well as meeting stringent environmental regulations set by global standards such as those mandated by the Paris Agreement. As part of their efforts to move towards cleaner sources of energy generation such as solar power or nuclear power plants while maintaining cost-effectiveness, Qatar has developed extensive plans to invest heavily in clean renewable energy technologies while reducing dependence on fossil fuels through efficiency improvements or alternative fuels.

3) Food insecurity: Despite having vast reserves of petroleum wealth available throughout the state’s coffers (the highest GDP per capita globally at $127K per annum), poverty rates remain above average with 22% living below national poverty line (according World Bank data). This creates a situation where many residents struggle to access adequate nutrition due their limited financial means or lack of access to supermarkets located away from overcrowded residential areas that price out less wealthy citizens from purchasing affordable nutritious food items . In response Qatar is implementing programs designed increase local agricultural production while incentivizing citizens who wish purchase locally grown foods by offering subsidies at markets across the nation . Additionally there are plans create additional readily accessible municipal farmers markets combined with education campaigns inform consumers about healthy eating habits promote healthier lifestyles amongst all segments society regardless income level .

4) Air pollution/Quality: The air quality in Doha is among some of worst world according WHO estimates however government recognizess that this situation cannot continue if they want sustain economic progress over long run future generations will be able breathe safely without fear negative consequences associated poor air quality . Therefore they have implemented initiatives reduce emissions automobiles factories other industrial activities relying heavily upon natural gas instead crude oil order achieve desired outcome also processes like catalytic converters particulate filters added vehicular exhaust systems help curbing pollutants emitted into atmosphere thereby contributing overall effort improving conditions general public health wellbeing environment  in city .

5) Climate Change Adaptation: With temperatures expected rise significantly within next century projected changes overall climate throughout region pose very real threat damage infrastructure especially coastal cities like Doha . To safeguard against potential impacts heavy rains floods caused sea levels rise governments taken proactive approach planning build early warning systems monitor changing patterns weather develop risk mitigation strategies prioritize vulnerable populations when disaster strikes  Furthermore projects are underway ensure efficient management limited resources adaption measures particular focus agriculture irrigation practices desertification prevention methods improve soil fertility enhance ground moisture levels etc facilitate sustainable crop production necessary ensure food security country remains strong despite risks associated climate change .