Discuss the main factors that shaped the Brazilian social, economic and cultural development in the early 20th century. 

The early 20th century was an important period in the history of Brazil’s social, economic and cultural development. The country went through a drastic transformation from being an agricultural society based on coffee production to an industrialized, urbanized nation with a diversified economy. This process was accompanied by various political upheavals, including civil wars and military rule, as well as the implementation of populist policies. The main factors that shaped these developments were shifts in international economics; new investment strategies; labor migration and intensified racial-ethnic tensions; the emergence of populism led by Getúlio Vargas; and changes to gender roles driven by female emancipation movements.

In 1930, Getúlio Vargas came to power in Brazil following a coup d’état which established him as dictator until 1945 (Williams et al., 2014). His rise to power marked the onset of what is known as ‘Varguismo’, or “Vargas Populism” (Bermann & da Costa e Silva, 2000). During this time, Brazilian politics became heavily focused on developing a more egalitarian society by distributing resources among all social classes regardless of ethnic background or gender status.. To achieve this goal, Vargas implemented several reforms such as increasing wages for workers; providing better working hours and conditions for women factory workers with improved safety standards (Williams et al., 2014); instituting agrarian reform policies designed to help small farmers gain access to land ownership rights previously denied them due to class divisions (Grossi & Prandi Freire de Rezende Filho , 2008); establishing education programs for rural populations targeted at improving literacy rates throughout the country.; creating employment opportunities for migrant laborers from other parts of Latin America; protecting land rights owned by indigenous peoples; promoting tourism initiatives aimed at bringing foreign revenue into communities across Brazil ;and legalizing unions so that workers could organize collectively against oppressive employers.

Although Varguismo had its flaws—such as its authoritarianism—it also provided positive contributions towards popular culture in Brazil that had been previously denied certain groups based on race or class divisions (Grossi & Prandi Freire de Rezende Filho , 2008). For example, it allowed Afro-Brazilian music styles —including samba and bossa nova —to be recognized nationally instead of just being heard within their local communities only. Likewise, there were unprecedented gains made when it comes to women’s rights under Vargas’s rule: not only did he introduce laws increasing female labor participation but he also promoted educational initiatives targeted specifically towards girls aiming at reducing gender inequality gaps between men and women within Brazilian society(Marini et al., 2013) .

This period also saw increased competition between different racial-ethnic groups vying for control over national resources like jobs and education opportunities leading some scholars argue that violence against minority communities increased during this time (Almeida & Santos 2009). These clashes sometimes resulted from long standing rivalries between whites/mestizos vs Indigenous people/Africans stemming from historical injustices such oppression during colonial times or slavery up until 1888 when it was abolished legally in Brazil(Rio Branco 2007). Regardless though there is evidence showing how networks formed between different ethnicities helped shape Brazilian culture during this era giving birth modern manifestations like capoeira which is known today throughout world while still maintaining its African roots (Barbosa 2018). Thus we can clearly see how race relations affected cultural dynamisms during early 20th century paving way broader acceptance into mainstream media folklore literature etcetera showcasing what hybridity means be truly Brazilian citizen even today despite whatever legal divides existed past unequal circumstances they create large part identity current population homeland.

Overall then we can conclude say that early 20th century marks beginning sustained effort towards building nation state out many disparate elements political economic sociocultural domains As such pivotal moment history country has often looked back upon fondly spite divisive issues arise present day debates about importance figures actions taken shaping current environment leaders national stage like President Gétulio Vargas should credited helping lay groundwork democracy integral part life majority citizens living here now days his legacy will always remembered delineated borders national consciousness open door future generations build upon striving towards greater equality justice within system itself regardless outside influences affecting prospects citizens far beyond shores South America internationally speaking .