Analytical perspectives for analyzing media by author and theorist David Lodge from his book, Small World.

First, Lodge suggests that we should view media through a “dialogic” perspective which allows us to see both sides of a text or image. He puts forward the idea that communication is dynamic and constantly evolving; therefore it requires consideration from both parties involved in order to be successful. This dialogic approach involves looking at all elements within a text (e.g., plot, characterization) but also considering how they are presented: within what context? For whom was this message intended? By viewing a text or image through this lens, we can begin to appreciate the nuances of its meaning beyond just the surface level content.

Second, Lodge highlights how important interpretation when analysing media; he argues that readers must play an active role if they are to truly get something out of what they consume. According to him, our responses are not predetermined and instead depend on our individual experiences which will inform our own interpretations and opinions regarding a particular piece of art or literature. He believes that readers should take responsibility for their reading experience so as not to be passively influenced by external influences such as advertising or political agendas embedded in the work itself. We must actively engage with any piece we choose to interact with in order for it to become meaningful for us personally – even if those meanings differ from others’ interpretations.

Thirdly, Lodge emphasizes questioning existing norms when interpreting media – whether these relate directly to gender roles portrayed in film or stereotypical representations within books etcetera- as this could help challenge traditional attitudes surrounding certain topics/themes presented within these works while also allowing us gain deeper insights into them overall (as opposed merely taking things superficially at face value). Doing so could open up entirely new ways of thinking about a topic or story line which may have been overlooked previously due its conformity with mainstream thought patterns/ideology.. In addition, challenging existing conventions encourages creativity amongst creators who may otherwise feel constrained by accepted practices thus leading innovation across multiple genres over time instead being stifled by stagnation caused homogenized approaches directionless exploration among writers/directors etc..

Finally ,Lodge proposes examining local contexts when analyzing media; he notes how culture plays an integral part informing many aspects production process : language used scripts written more specifically those employed regionally particular countries . Thus studying differences between nations trends create very distinct output forms same genre type depending where originates . This applies particularly maintaining relevance international markets since stories be tweaked customs associated area reach wider audience beyond place creation . Additionally focusing cultural backgrounds behind materials aid greater understanding meanings conveyed especially useful case controversial material some societies tend restrict access certain types information – so recognizing social implications every choice made during development highlight potential biases present across various texts while offering counterpoints against them where necessary expand spectrum discourse explored tackling difficult subject matter times need arises too making easier identify underlying themes throughout literary work dramatic showpiece give fuller picture situation current affairs another example possible stand education system follows makes sure populace well rounded knowledge base which benefit everyone involved end user viewer alike creating positive cycle positive reinforcement further push boundaries thinking resulting overall higher quality output finished product come fruition .